Pergamum

Initially a minor settlement during the earliest archaic period, Pergamum became famous after Philetairos became an eminent personality, after the fall of Lysimacho. For over a century, Pergamum was considered the centre of all cultural activities during the Hellenistic period. It grew and prospered under the rule of many successive commanders and acquired great fame. Travelers from all over the land knew about this vibrant city and often journeyed over hundreds of kilometers to visit it. Pergamum witnessed the rise and fall of many rulers. During the rule of Eumenes the second Pergamum became the richest city in the world, after the spoils of the war from Athens were brought to the city and used to fill the coffers of all rich men.

Art and science flourished in equal measure and some of the greatest artists of the land came from this city. Renowned for its grace, Pergamum surpassed all contemporary cities in terms of artists, musicians and builders. The large monuments erected all over the city denoted the heights of prosperity that this city had achieved. Times changed and this great city was wiped from the maps of the world. Acropolis ceased to exist and it was centuries later that the world rediscovered the lost ruins of Pergamum.

Antonius had gifted the library of Pergamum to Cleopatra in a bid to seek her favour and the grand building of the library was created following the beautiful Hellenistic designs that the architects of that era were famous for. The archaeological department has managed to fully restore the Temple of Trajan and the building is truly an awe-inspiring sight. Very close to the temple is another magnificent monument known as the Theatre of Pergamum. The theatre is a colossal building that is said to have the steepest construction humanly possible. The building could hold ten thousand people for an event and underwent many renovations and changes over the years. Created using Hellenistic architectural designs, influence of Roman architecture are clearly visible from when the many Roman kings that ruled over city attempted to have the theatre rebuilt for their personal use. Other places of interest include the Temple of Agora and the Altar of Zeus. Both of these monuments have been subjected to several restoration attempts and the Altar was carried all the way to Germany for repair and exhibition. Museums from all over the world have shown a keen interest in this city and several of them have exhibits featuring many smaller statues and monuments that were recovered during the excavation.